A frieze in architecture is a decorative design element located within the entablature of a building.

A frieze is also a word in reference to any horizontal decorative panel or band that may also be in the interior or exterior walls of buildings.

The emergence of the frieze first appeared in ancient Greek Classical architectural designs as images and full scenes on buildings.

The etymology of the word ''frieze'' comes from the mid-16th century French word ''frise,'' which is from the medieval Latin ''frisium'' which means ''embroidered cloth.''

The ancient Greeks used the frieze as a decorative element to display images and scenes in the upper entablature structure of buildings.

The entablature is a structural element that rests on the capital, or top of a column, with three elements: the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

The frieze followed a rule of style and layout according to the Greek Order, which was part of the overall architectural design structure of a building.

The development of the frieze in ancient Greece was a way to express culture through artistic dominance and scale to those who encountered the building.

The subject matter of the frieze was determined by the purpose, location, and beliefs of the building's designer and builder.

Below, the Union Soldier Frieze National Building Museum (originally the Pension Building) in Washington DC depicts Civil War soldiers and sailors marching, riding horses, driving wagons, rowing boats, and pulling artillery.

The Parthenon Frieze is probably the most famous frieze in architecture.

The frieze depicts the Panathenaic festival, including the rituals and procession of gods like Zeus, Hera, Iris, Athena, and Hephaestus.

In 1897, a reproduction of the Parthenon was built in Nashville, Tennessee, as part of the Tennessee Centennial Exposition, which utilized direct casts of the original sculptures that adorned the pediments of the Athenian Parthenon.

The proportion of a classical frieze in relation to the overall entablature varies depending on the specific architectural order but generally follows these guidelines:

Tuscan Order

The frieze occupies 2/7 of the total entablature height. The entablature is divided into seven equal parts, with the following distribution:

• Architrave: 2/7
• Frieze: 2/7
• Cornice: 3/7

This 2-2-3 pattern is considered a simple guideline for proportioning the Tuscan entablature.

Doric Order

The Doric order uses a slightly different proportion:

• Architrave: 1/4 of the entablature height
• Frieze: 3/8 of the entablature height
• Cornice: 3/8 of the entablature height

In this case, the frieze occupies a larger portion (3/8) of the total entablature than the Tuscan order.

General Rule of Thumb

A simplified approach for modern applications suggests that the entire entablature should be approximately 1/5 to 1/6 the height of the column or room. Within this, the frieze typically occupies about 1/3 of the entablature height.

Modern Interpretations of the Frieze

In contemporary architecture, the frieze has evolved beyond its classical origins.

Friezes are a versatile design element that can enhance buildings' exterior and interior. Modern friezes may incorporate:

• Abstract patterns and geometric designs
• Innovative materials such as metal, glass, or even LED lighting
• Thematic elements that reflect the building's purpose or location
• Textural contrasts to add visual interest to facades

Observe Three Peaks Modern, a 2024 American Residential Design Awards winner created by 42 North Architecture + Design.

This project showcases an innovative use of the "entablature" effect, blending classical design elements with modern aesthetics.

It's important to note that while these classical proportions provide a starting point, they can be adjusted based on specific design requirements and aesthetic considerations in contemporary applications.

While the glass exceeds the traditional 1/3 proportion, which would replicate the frieze, it is a striking example of how classical principles can be reimagined to inspire contemporary architecture.

Whether subtly incorporated into a minimalist home or boldly displayed in traditional design, the knowledge of the classical elements is a powerful tool when creating visual interest, cultural significance, and a touch of timeless elegance to the built environment.

Have a great rest of your week,
The A-Team